## Anatolian Seljuk Period The [[Anatolian Seljuk Period]] lasted from 1075 to 1308 and was initially established as a half-independent Atabeylik under the auspices of the [[Seljuk Empire]]. Despite challenges, including conflicts with Atabeyliks, Eastern Rome, Crusaders, and a Mongolian invasion, it survived for 233 years. However, it eventually fell to the Mongolians after the War of Kösedağı in 1308 and became a Mongolian state. The period is noted for its splendid cultural heritage, particularly in the use of various forms of glamorisation with glaze and baked oil, including tiles, [[Mosaic technique| mosaic tiles]], and [[Underglaze tile technique|glazed brick]]. The designs employed during this time featured a variety of motifs, encompassing geometric, vegetal, and figural elements such as animals and humans.^[*Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, Istanbul*] ![[Iznik bowl.jpg|700]] *İznik ceramic bowl, 14th - 15th century. Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum, Istanbul.*